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Thread: Dozens of new craters suspected in northern Russia

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    Dozens of new craters suspected in northern Russia

    Satellites show giant hole ringed by 20 'baby craters'.


    B1 - famous Yamal hole in 30 kilometres from Bovanenkovo, spotted in 2014 by helicopter pilots. Pictures: Marya Zulinova, Yamal regional government's press service

    Respected Moscow scientist Professor Vasily Bogoyavlensky has called for 'urgent' investigation of the new phenomenon amid safety fears.

    Until now, only three large craters were known about in northern Russia with several scientific sources speculating last year that heating from above the surface due to unusually warm climatic conditions, and from below, due to geological fault lines, led to a huge release of gas hydrates, so causing the formation of these craters in Arctic regions.

    Two of the newly-discovered large craters - also known as funnels to scientists - have turned into lakes, revealed Professor Bogoyavlensky, deputy director of the Moscow-based Oil and Gas Research Institute, part of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

    Examination using satellite images has helped Russian experts understand that the craters are more widespread than was first realised, with one large hole surrounded by as many as 20 mini-craters, The Siberian Times can reveal.


    Four arctic craters: B1 - famous Yamal hole in 30 kilometres from Bovanenkovo, B2 - recently detected crater in 10 kilometres to the south from Bovanenkovo, B3 - crater located in 90 kilometres from Antipayuta village, B4 - crater located near Nosok village, on the north of Krasnoyarsk region, near Taimyr Peninsula. Picture: Vasily Bogoyavlensky

    'We know now of seven craters in the Arctic area,' he said. 'Five are directly on the Yamal peninsula, one in Yamal Autonomous district, and one is on the north of the Krasnoyarsk region, near the Taimyr peninsula.

    'We have exact locations for only four of them. The other three were spotted by reindeer herders. But I am sure that there are more craters on Yamal, we just need to search for them.

    'I would compare this with mushrooms: when you find one mushroom, be sure there are few more around. I suppose there could be 20 to 30 craters more.'

    He is anxious to investigate the craters further because of serious concerns for safety in these regions.

    The study of satellite images showed that near the famous hole, located in 30 kilometres from Bovanenkovo are two potentially dangerous objects, where the gas emission can occur at any moment.


    Satellite image of the site before the forming of the Yamal hole (B1). K1 and the red outline show the hillock (pingo) formed before the gas emission. Yellow outlines show the potentially dangerous objects. Picture: Vasily Bogoyavlensky

    He warned: 'These objects need to be studied, but it is rather dangerous for the researchers. We know that there can occur a series of gas emissions over an extended period of time, but we do not know exactly when they might happen.

    'For example, you all remember the magnificent shots of the Yamal crater in winter, made during the latest expedition in Novomber 2014. But do you know that Vladimir Pushkarev, director of the Russian Centre of Arctic Exploration, was the first man in the world who went down the crater of gas emission?

    'More than this, it was very risky, because no one could guarantee there would not be new emissions.'

    Professor Bogoyavlensky told The Siberian Times: 'One of the most interesting objects here is the crater that we mark as B2, located 10 kilometres to the south of Bovanenkovo. On the satellite image you can see that it is one big lake surrounded by more than 20 small craters filled with water.

    'Studying the satellite images we found out that initially there were no craters nor a lake. Some craters appeared, then more. Then, I suppose that the craters filled with water and turned to several lakes, then merged into one large lake, 50 by 100 metres in diameter.

    'This big lake is surrounded by the network of more than 20 'baby' craters now filled with water and I suppose that new ones could appear last summer or even now. We now counting them and making a catalogue. Some of them are very small, no more than 2 metres in diameter.'


    Satellite images showing pingo before the gas emission on the object B2 (top). Lake formed here at the place of the number of craters and the network of more than 20 'baby' craters around (bottom). Picture: Vasily Bogoyavlensky

    'We have not been at the spot yet,' he said. 'Probably some local reindeer herders were there, but so far no scientists.'

    He explained: 'After studying this object I am pretty sure that there was a series of gas emissions over an extended period of time. Sadly, we do not know, when exactly these emissions occur, i.e. mostly in summer, or in winter too. We see only the results of this emissions.'

    The object B2 is now attracting special attention from the researchers as they seek to understand and explain the phenomenon. This is only 10km from Bovanenkovo, a major gas field, developed by Gazprom, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Yet older satellite images do not show the existence of a lake, nor any craters, in this location.

    Not only the new craters constantly forming on Yamal show that the process of gas emission is ongoing actively.

    Professor Bogoyavlensky shows the picture of one of the Yamal lakes, taken by him from the helicopter and points on the whitish haze on its surface.


    Yamal lake with traces of gas emissions. Picture: Vasily Bogoyavlensky

    He commented: 'This haze that you see on the surface shows that gas seeps that go from the bottom of the lake to the surface. We call this process 'degassing'.

    'We do not know, if there was a crater previously and then turned to lake, or the lake formed during some other process. More important is that the gases from within are actively seeping through this lake.

    'Degassing was revealed on the territory of Yamal Autonomous District about 45 years ago, but now we think that it can give us some clues about the formation of the craters and gas emissions. Anyway, we must research this phenomenon urgently, to prevent possible disasters.'

    Professor Bogoyavlensky stressed: 'For now, we can speak only about the results of our work in the laboratory, using the images from space.

    'No one knows what is happening in these craters at the moment. We plan a new expedition. Also we want to put not less than four seismic stations in Yamal district, so they can fix small earthquakes, that occur when the crater appears.

    'In two cases locals told us that they felt earth tremors. The nearest seismic station was yet too far to register these tremors.



    Crater B3 located in 90 kilometres from Antipayuta village, Yamal district (top). Crater B4 located near Nosok village, on the north of Krasnoyarsk region, near Taimyr Peninsula. Pictures: Local residents

    'I think that at the moment we know enough about the crater B1. There were several expeditions, we took probes and made measurements. I believe that we need to visit the other craters, namely B2, B3 and B4, and then visit the rest three craters, when we will know their exact location. It will give us more information and will bring us closer to understanding the phenomenon.'

    He urged: 'It is important not to scare people, but to understand that it is a very serious problem and we must research this.'

    In an article for Drilling and Oil magazine, Professor Bogoyavlensky said the parapet of these craters suggests an underground explosion.

    'The absence of charred rock and traces of significant erosion due to possible water leaks speaks in favour of mighty eruption (pneumatic exhaust) of gas from a shallow underground reservoir, which left no traces on soil which contained a high percentage of ice,' he wrote.

    'In other words, it was a gas-explosive mechanism that worked there. A concentration of 5-to-16% of methane is explosive. The most explosive concentration is 9.5%.




    'The parapet of these craters suggests an underground explosion.' Pictures of Yamal crater taken by Vasily Bogoyavlensky

    Gas probably concentrated underground in a cavity 'which formed due to the gradual melting of buried ice'. Then 'gas was replacing ice and water'.

    'Years of experience has shown that gas emissions can cause serious damage to drilling rigs, oil and gas fields and offshore pipelines,' he said. 'Yamal craters are inherently similar to pockmarks.

    'We cannot rule out new gas emissions in the Arctic and in some cases they can ignite.'

    This was possible in the case of the crater found at Antipayuta, on the Yamal peninsula.

    'The Antipayuta residents told how they saw some flash. Probably the gas ignited when appeared the crater B4, near Taimyr peninsula. This shows us, that such explosion could be rather dangerous and destructive.

    'We need to answer now the basic questions: what areas and under what conditions are the most dangerous? These questions are important for safe operation of the northern cities and infrastructure of oil and gas complexes.'







    The latest expedition to Yamal crater was initiated by the Russian Centre of Arctic Exploration in early November 2014. The researchers were first in the world who went down the crater of gas emission. Pictures: Vladimir Pushkarev/Russian Centre of Arctic Exploration

    Pingos are mounds with an ice core found in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.

    They can reach up to 70 metres (230 ft) in height and up to 600 m (2,000 ft) in diameter. They usually appear when groundwaters penetrate between permafrost and the top layer, which melts in summer season. They usually form in drained lakes or river channels.

    However, gas is not a factor in their creation.

    http://siberiantimes.com/science/cas...rthern-russia/
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    Those craters look like they are created with a huge drill. Look at the wall, the pictures are not very clear but those walls of the inside look smooth.

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    Mama is going through changes (hope Al Gore jumps in one of those holes ... but I digress).

    We are certainly getting more meteor/asteroid activity ... must be the area in space we are traveling (as some have alluded to for a long time).

    Most certainly could be gas (methane?) or other erupting due to the stress of (allegedly) passing through such spaces in the Universe ...


    Hard to imagine anyone drilling other than deep underground for the elite bunkers ...

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    worm sign???

    Last edited by lift the veil, 25th February 2015 at 20:06.

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    That is what came to mind before you added the image ...

    Don't think there are too many spices to entice such to enter our reality ... but thank you for the thought ...



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    If I may,

    Is there any correlation between these craters and any nuclear bomb testing?

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    Quote Originally posted by Milneman View Post
    If I may,

    Is there any correlation between these craters and any nuclear bomb testing?

    Kids home ... only one nugget trail at at time for this linear challenged human ...

    If I may ... is there any reason to suggest such???

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    Quote Originally posted by Milneman View Post
    If I may,

    Is there any correlation between these craters and any nuclear bomb testing?
    from: http://siberiantimes.com/science/cas...le-scientists/

    The experts conducted tomographic, radiometry and magnetic surveys at the site.

    'We checked magnetic and radiation backgrounds, and found no abnormalities there,' said Oleg Kushnarenko, chief engineer on the four and a half day mission.

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    Helicopter and ground views of July 2014 expeditition to Yamal crater


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    More really interesting stuff,with some ballsy climbers in those temperatures and slippery conditions ,although i also find it hard to imagine that gas has anything to do with there formation,(gas does not produce much heat )

    With intense heat perhaps , and with the borders that look like erosion drainage, it is and is not ,not from erosion ,it is solid rock and you get that from massive heat and or pressures a little like that needed see diamonds formed.

    In these cases it is as if an eruption happened but not flowing outward , melting inward , the cold air cooling the holes to there current state .

    I am no expert but rock formations have always interested me.

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    Well ... for those willing to take a few steps further out onto a limb ... we have the expanding earth theory ...

    ... just saying ...

    If not a hit from above ... or some sort of eruption from below ... then what???

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    If not a hit from above ... or some sort of eruption from below ... then what???
    Huge,but huge beer bubble eruptions left by the giants.Now they knew have to sink an ale or two!.

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    There's an industry around keeping the permafrost warm. And boy is business booming!

    "To be honest, climate change is pretty good business for our company," says Ed Yarmak, who runs Arctic Foundations and gets about half his work from oil companies on the North Slope. "We're in the business of making things colder."

    By "things" he means the permafrost that blankets Alaska's North Slope.

    The oil industry has built a vast network of pipelines and buildings on top of permafrost, and has always had to use special engineering to adjust for it. Oil operators have used Yarmak's product since the 1970's, but he says rising temperatures mean it's needed even more.

    As permafrost thaws, he says, "the doors start to stick, the sheet rock cracks, the floor isn't level any more. Things aren't the way that they planned them."

    To help, Yarmak manufactures long metal tubes filled with a refrigerant, called thermosyphons. In his company's Anchorage warehouse he points out a dense array of tiny fins that stick out the top.

    "It's where the heat comes out and goes to the air," he says.
    Elizabeth Hardball notes that the giant tubes, which cost, $10,000 each, are partially buried in the permafrost, where the thermosyphons refrigerant pulls the heat out of the ground and keeps the earth frozen. Thousands have been installed by the oil industry across the Alaskan Arctic.

    Surely it wouldn't be cynical to say that climate change denial is motivated by money.

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    There was a problem with the description of the tech:

    ...a mistake in her explanation of how thermosyphons work. They work by increasing the rate of heat loss in the melting permafrost layer during the cold months. They are not like powered air conditioners. They are passive devices that don’t use electric power. They are useless in the summer melt season.

    The underlying mechanism behind all types of thermosyphones is identical. It is composed of sealed tube with a suitable fluid: carbon dioxide, ammonia or propane. The tube consists of two sections. The first one is located in the ground and is called an evaporator pipe. The second, known as the radiator section of the tube, is installed above ground level. When ambient temperature falls below ground temperature where the evaporator pipe is situated, then liquid vapour starts condensing in the radiator section. As a result, pressure is reduced and the liquid in the evaporator section boils and evaporates. This process results in heat transfer from the evaporator section into the radiator section.
    A little editorial:

    This is a useful technology for stabilizing buildings in Alaska. Like most technologies it can also be used to do stupid and evil things. Alaska is a welfare state for white conservative Christians funded by oil money. They aren’t going to stop drilling if it kills them because they love the welfare money that comes from oil extraction. They call it the “Permanent Fund” but it’s welfare for white people.

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