Experiment to show crows using tools
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJ3xuJrUcM
Experiment to show crows using tools
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJ3xuJrUcM
Smart Animals Compilation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6RakWBBcF4
Very enjoyable compilation Outlander! Thank you again!Quote:
Originally posted by Outlander
A raven's memories are for the future
by: Markus Boeckle, Nicola S. Clayton
14 Jul 2017
The human brain stores memories of past events to guide decision-making about current and future events. Researchers long assumed that animals do not use memories in this way but rather exist in a constant stream of present needs, unable to plan for the future (1). Studies on nonhuman primates and corvids challenge this view and show that some species can plan for the future at least as well as 4-year old children (2, 3). These results suggest that planning for the future is not uniquely human and evolved independently in distantly related species to address common problems (4). On page 202 of this issue, Kabadayi and Osvath (5) show that ravens anticipate the nature, time, and location of a future event based on previous experiences. The ravens' behavior is not merely prospective, anticipating future states (6); rather, they flexibly apply future planning in behaviors not typically seen in the wild.
Although some corvids make and use tools as part of their ecological predisposition, ravens are considered a non-tool-using corvid and are not known for trading items for food. However, they are known to cache food in nature and can use tools in experiments (see the photos). In their study, Kabadayi and Osvath test ravens' abilities to plan for future tool use and trading, rather than for food caching (a behavior that might be considered as an adaptive specialization to gather food in order to eat it at a future date). They thus provide compelling evidence against the argument that future planning in corvids is a cognitive ability that can only be used during food caching or some other specific evolutionarily selected adaptation. The study provides evidence that future planning can flexibly serve different behaviors not only in humans but also in nonhuman animals.
The authors presented five ravens with a choice of objects. Only one of these objects was a functional tool, which could be used to retrieve food from a puzzle box. The ravens chose correctly not only when they were offered the box but also when they had to store the tool and plan for the next day. In another experiment, the ravens were trained to exchange tokens for food. When the ravens knew that trading would only happen on the next day, they chose and stored these tokens as soon as they were offered to them. By manipulating tool choice, time, and trading opportunities, the authors controlled the value of the items at choice in relation to current as well as future interactions.
The results from the two experiments show that ravens take temporal distance between item choice and reward into account, exercise self-control, and make decisions for predicted futures rather than arbitrary ones. Thus, the birds opt for a more distant but higher gratification rather than an immediate but lower gratification and do so flexibly across behaviors.
What are the selective pressures that led to complex cognition and enabled future planning to evolve? The answer to this question may be best understood by investigating convergent evolution among distantly related species such as corvids and primates (4). In the 1990s, scientists discovered that mammals and birds share homologous forebrain structures, the neurobiological foundation for complex cognition (7). On the basis of this evidence, corvids and parrots were tested for cognitive abilities to explore the evolutionary development of cognition. There are two main hypotheses to explain the evolution of intelligence. According to the physical intelligence hypothesis, complex cognitive capabilities evolved according to the physical demands of the environment, such as the need to memorize location, time, and availability of food or how it can be extracted with tools. The social intelligence hypothesis focuses on the social environment and the requirement to anticipate and manipulate the behavior of individuals from the same and other species. These mechanisms need not be mutually exclusive and might interact with phylogenetic heritage and developmental constraints (8).
CONTINUE: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/357/6347/126.full
Heron Huntin' in Grassland:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2md8Al--7F8
Big Cats
& some of them not so sweet & funny...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NBwhYP_F6-8
How not to invade an elephant's space
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjTLKLllMVA
Birds are Jerks
Birds can be jerks, and the Internet is full of proof. Be they duck, ostrich, swan, goose, crow, parrot, penguin, chicken, emu, ostrich or seagull, none can be trusted. They bite, scratch, kick, and flap.
Enjoy this compilation video of birds being rude, destructive, crazy, selfish, and mean.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZK7ALNC-07c
Ow! Mother...
Great ending. I guess I'm lucky, I've never been attacked by birds. The gulls are really good at stealing food.
My son and his girlfriend were in Iceland and a bunch of birds started attacking them a la Alfred Hitchcock. They put their jackets and hoods on and the birds shat all over them!
My friend has a rooster that attacks her and will even attack the chickens.
She can't bring herself to get rid of him because he's so handsome and she's such a softy...and he's terrorizing her egg laying hens. :fpalm:
Birds can be mean. Just wash your car and leave it outside on a sunny day. It won't last for two days without getting hit by bird poo, and that stuff eats into the lacquer like acid. :pQuote:
Originally posted by Dreamtimer
My dad used to say it's because the car is very shiny after washing, and then the birds look down and they see their own reflection in your car, and it startles them so much that they just shit themselves. :p
:ha: :hilarious:
In Sonoma the Ravens were pulling stripping and wiper blades off cars.
That's really smart!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9La_blKOsDs
Quote:
Originally posted by LuKarma
Birds are much more intelligent than what people give them credit for, and yes, they know how to use tools. ;)
That said...
When we lived in Coronado, we watched a Blue Heron fly in and take a foot long fish from two seagulls who were fighting over it. BH pecks at gulls, gulls back off, BH grabs fish, gulps it down...show is over except for a few seagull wing-flaps. These birds are rough, tough, mean bullies carrying a sharp sword-like beak...I get why the seagulls got out of the way.Quote:
Originally posted by Dreamtimer
When not beating up seagulls, the BH parked himself over my door pooping large piles while lording over about 200 yards in either direction of the shoreline. Very large and in-charge. No other birds, including the ospreys, challenged him...and ospreys are toughies themselves.
BTW, I didn't challenge him either. I just cleaned up the poop and stayed out of his way. He lives there today while I moved to AZ.
Wow. When I run into them by the river they fly away.
Down by the bay in MD, Osprey's and Eagles hunt. An Osprey trespassed in Eagle territory and when it caught a fish the Eagle swooped down and took out the Osprey in a flurry of feathers. That was the Osprey's last day.