King Menes: Mystery Ruler May Go Back 20,000 Years

The first Pharaoh in Egyptian recorded history was Menes-Narmer and his reign marks the beginning of human civilization.

As recorded on the Palermo Stone, there was a civilization prior to the present one that dated back about twenty and thirty thousand years. Our civilization was born from the destruction of the previous one. This civilization is referred to as a “lost” one.

In 1902, renowned art historian Heinrich Schafer published the first information regarding the Palermo Stone, the most important feature of which is the listing of rulers that predate Menes, the first “official” ruler of Egypt. This goes back thousands of years into the pre-dynastic period, and into what John Anthony West referred to as the Zep Tepi.

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Palermo Stone – Cairo Fragment CF1 lists, among others, the start of the reign of Horus Djer.

The reign of Menes-Narmer was chosen as the starting point because that is as far back as we can trace to the beginning of human civilization, but the identity of Pharaoh Menes-Narmer is a very complex subject.

WHO UNIFIED UPPER AND LOWER EGYPT?

No doubt, the most important event in history of ancient Egypt was the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under one rule. However, the identity of the first ruler responsible for the unification of Egypt has long been shrouded in mystery.

According to Manetho, an Egyptian priest of the third century BC and a Greek historian Herodotus (484-425 BC), Menes was the first pharaoh of the First Dynasty, who came from Hierakonpolis (now Nekhen), located in what is now Aswan, Egypt.

He is credited with creation of the combined Egyptian state and as Herodotus was told, he was the king “who brought all the little kingdoms of the land into a single great one, and built his capital at Memphis…”

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The Naqada Label is divided into three registers. The top register identifies the king, Aha. The rightmost group
has often been interpreted as the Nebti-name of Menes.

It is important to note that behind the name ‘Menes’ is hidden another figure known as ‘Narmer’, who was involved in the process of unification.

MENES/NARMER OR KING AHA THEORY

The Egyptian state is often defined as starting when King Aha ascended to the throne. It is likely to have happened between 3111 BC and 3045 BC, researchers say.

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Left: The Palermo Stone. Image credit: www.touregypt.net; Right: The cartouche of Menes on the
Abydos King List.

Some research identifies Menes (Narmer) with Horus-Aha or Horus Aha (“Fighting Hawk”), who is named on the Palermo Stone, and is often regarded as the first pharaoh of the first dynasty.

At the same time, some scholars suggest that in times of Menes, Egypt was already united – both culturally and politically.

MENES’ NAME AND INTERPRETATION OF IT ARE OBSCURE

The person of Menes is obscure and so are his name and its interpretation. The name ‘Menes’ is a Greek form of the name ‘Meni’, which is mentioned in documents (such as scarab of Hatshepsut and Totmes III) dated to 18th dynasty. His name probably means: “The one who remains “.

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A name like that of Menes is found at the beginning of things in so many nations, that on that account alone the
word would be suspicious; in Greece it is Minos, in Phrygia Manis, in Lydia Manes, in India Menu, in Germany Mannus.
For a long time, Menes was considered more like a fictional character. There was no archaeological evidence
that could confirm that he was a real person, until the tomb of Menes was found in his older home of upper
Egypt, near Abydos. The tomb revealed many relics that could shed some light on mysterious past of Menes (or
whoever he was).

However, there is no conclusive evidence that the tomb was the final resting place of king Menes.

Menes must have been a great builder who lived in times when the science of engineering was very advanced and enabled to erect a gigantic dam and change the entire course of the lower Nile River.

There are many difficulties to set up an event timeline for ancient Egypt. The Egyptians had no regular system of chronology, which means they did not date all their history from one great event, as we do from the birth of Christ.

Rawlinson points out in his book “Ancient Egypt” that “…the native monuments of the early Ramesside period (about B.C. 1400-1300) assign to this time some twenty-five names of kings; but they do not agree in their order, nor do they altogether agree in the names. The kings, if they were kings, have left no history-we can only by conjecture attach to them any particular buildings, we can give no account of their actions, we can assign no chronology to their reigns…”

Perhaps Herodotus also noted some difficulties with the Egyptian chronology of events and according to Edward S. Ellis and Charles F. Home (“The Story of The Great Nations…”, Herodotus made attempts to place Menes in the year 12,000 BC and another writer carried the enormous total back to 16.402 BC…”




Source: http://www.ancientpages.com/2017/05/...k-20000-years/


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